Identifying physical/ecological features important for their biology and relate these to spatial changes in population genetic structure, patterns of gene flow, and as selective forces on individual loci. Migration rates among sites will be established by measuring their genetic similarity, then inferring how much gene flow is required to maintain such a similarity. Based on this information we will employ a GIS-based procedure termed "Wombling," which will identify areas with high and low levels of gene flow.  These will be then be correlated with ecological features determined on the ground and from remote imaging.  In this manner ecological features associated with high and low population densities, and also with high and low levels of gene flow can thus be identified. Such information should be helpful to vector control efforts that require an understanding of dispersal and gene flow, including genetic control and insecticide resistance management.  The effects of natural selection on individual loci and segregating sites within loci will be studies by taking a population genomics approach.  This approach provides the means to study the behavior of individual functional genes in nature, bridging the gap between population genetics and molecular biology.